Decision making in business Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10250 words

Decision making in business - Scholarship Essay Example Such studies indicated that successful organisations exhibited all of Indeed, as Drucker (2003) contends, decision-making is of such unique importance to organisations that the performance of managers and executive is largely, although not exclusively, evaluated in accordance with their decision-making capacities and abilities. While not intending to obscure the many other responsibilities assigned to managers or undermine the importance of any, the aforementioned is intended to highlight the fact that decision-making is, by far, one of the most important of the many managerial responsibilities. The significance of managerial decision-making stems from the fact that decisions ultimately influence and alter both management itself and the organisational as a whole. Accordingly, managerial decision-making functions as the criteria for the evaluation of management performance and for the determination of the likelihood of an organisation are satisfying its strategic objectives (Agarwal & Malloy, 2000; Lippitt, 2003). In order to further clarify this, and in so doing, defend and support the contention that decision-making is the most important of the managerial/leadership responsibilities, the componential and definitional elements of decision making shall now be analysed. The decision-making process consists of six primary elements that are the functions of decision making in implementing manage... A set cycle is completed once the objective that initiates this cycle is attained. Searching for alternatives is the second primary element. Searching consists of scanning both internal and external environment for pertinent information that to identify and develop a set of options for the likelihood of fulfilling the objective. Third is comparing and evaluating alternatives by using applicable techniques and criteria relevant to the objectives. The fourth primary element is the act of choice, in which a selection is made by the decision maker for a specific course of action from the various options and scenarios compared. Implementing the decision is the fifth primary element. In this element, a transformation of the decision from an abstract conceptual framework to operational reality occurs. Finally, the sixth primary element is follow-up and control, which ensures that the outcome of the implemented decision is compatible and in balance with the managerial objective starting the whole process. Figure 1: Managerial Decision-Making Process Several critical areas comprise the dimensions of management decision making (Harrison & Pelletier, 2000): organization, level, significance, rationality, strategy, outcome, and uncertainty. Some experts included intuition as an additional dimension featured in the decision-making process (Miller & Ireland, 2005). Each separate dimension and all dimensions combined affect how managers assume decision making responsibility and also how others assess whether a manager is being responsible. All dimensions have equal importance and significance in their contribution to the evolving and continual managerial decision-making process. Figure 2 highlights the

Two short stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two short stories - Essay Example Hecker’s protagonist, Rosaura evokes empathy among readers. Certainly, the circumstances of her life and the situation around which the story revolves may be alien to the reader but by expressing Rosaura’s simplest dreams and pleasures, Hecker incites identification with her. The daughter of a maid who, despite her mother’s constant efforts to remind her of the limitations of her socio-economic status, looks upon those around her with simple innocence, Rosaura’s acceptance of others leads her to assume their reciprocal acceptance of her. From the outset of the party, however, not to mention the events which followed, it was evident that there was no such acceptance. The little girl with the bow, Luciana’s cousin, refuses to believe Rosaura’s claims of friendship with her cousin and throughout much of the party, she is treated as a helper, not s an invited guest. The fact that she does not see this bit, instead, takes pride in being treated th at way, believing it a testament to the closeness of her relationship with the family, Rosaura’s innocence evokes our empathy because, suddenly, her experiences become ours and her naivety or gullibility become ours. Readers do not just sympathize with Rosaura but they empathize with her, feel her excitement throughout the party and, eventually feel her hurt and humiliation. Ironically, even as readers empathize with Rosaura, they sympathize with the story’s supposed protagonist, Senora Inà ©s. Possibly, this is largely die to the fact that Senora Inà ©s meant no harm and indeed, definitely did not intend to hurt Rosaura. Certainly, she did not treat her as an invited guest and singled her out throughout much of the party but she did not do so out of malice but under her assumption that this was the norm – after all Rosaura was the maid’s daughter. At the end of the